"Education"
has a lot of sense, but it is
generally accepted as a
change in behavior. Writing is not intended to analyze existing theories behind Adult Education, but to understand the principles
of Adult Education (or commonly abbreviated as POD) is acceptable.
The principles presented
here are essentially the same as that developed in some training using instructional methods, but the one thing that distinguishes
the POD principles
more widely known.
These principles are related to the
training (training)
and education, and
is usually applied to the formal classroom situation or to an
on the job training (internship). Each form of training should include as much as possible
the nine principles below. So it is easy to remember (9 principles), the commonly used system mnemonics mnemonic or foreign terms,
the RAMP 2 FAME.
R = Recency
A = Appropriateness
M = Motivation
P = Primacy
2 = 2 – Way Communication
F = Feedback
A = Active Learning
M = Multi – Sense Learning
E = Excercise
These
principles are in many ways
very important, because it
allows you (the coach) to set up
a session in a timely and adequate,
presenting sessions effectively and efficiently, it also allows you to evaluate for these sessions.
Let's look at the ideas behind the term RAMP 2 FAME. It is important to note that
these principles are not
presented in a single sequence.
Same position in the relation
between relations.
R : Recency.
Law of Recency
show us that something
is learned or received at
the last moment is most
remembered by attendees
/ participants.
It shows two separate pengetian in education. First,
with regard to the content (materials) at the end
of the session and
the second relates to something "fresh" in the minds of the participants.
In the first application, it is important for coaches to make a summary (summary) as often as possible and be sure that key messages / core always emphasized again at the end of the session.
In the second application,
indicated to the coach
to make a review of the plan (review) per section in each presentation.
Factors for consideration of recency
* Try to keep each session, given the relatively short term, no more than 20 minutes (if that's
possible).
* If the session more than 20 minutes, must often be
summarized (recapitulated).
More panjangsebaiknya
session divided into sessions-sessions are shorter with some pauses so you can create a summary.
* The end of each
session is an important. Make a
summary / recap
of the whole session and put the emphasis on the messages or key points.
Strive for
attendees / participants remain "aware"
of where the direction and progress of their learning
A: APPROPRIATENES
(Conformity)
Law of appropriatenes
or suitability tells us that on the whole, be it training, information, tools used aids, case
studies case studies, and other materials
must be tailored to the
needs of participants /
participants. Participants
will be easy to lose motivation if the coach fails to strive
for material relevant
to their needs. In addition,
coaches must continually
provide opportunities for participants
to find out how the
relationship between new
information with prior knowledge already obtained the participants, so that we can eliminate
concerns about something
that is vague or
unknown.
Factors
to consider regarding
appropriatness:
* Coaches should
clearly identify the need
for participants to take part in
the training. To the needs
identified, the coach must make sure that sehala something related to sessions in accordance with
those requirements.
* Use the description, examples or illustrations that are familiar
(familiar) with
the participants.
M:
MOTIVATION.
The law of motivation tells us that pastisipan / participants must have a desire to learn, he should be ready to learn, and must
have a reason to learn.
Coach found that if participants have a strong
motivation to learn or
sense of desire to succeed,
he will be better than others in the study. First of all
because the motivation to
create the environment
(atmosphere)
learning to be fun. If we fail to use the law of suitability (appropriateness)
and neglecting to make relevant material, we'll
be sure to miss the motivation of participants.
Factors to consider regarding motivation:
* Materials should be meaningful
and valuable to the participants, not only for coaches
* That should be motivated not only the participants but also the coach itself. For if the coach is not motivated, training
may be of no interest and
did not even reach the
desired goal.
* As mentioned in the law of conformity (appropriateness),
a trainer when necessary to identify the needs of the participants why it comes to training.
Coaches usually can create motivation by saying that this session
can meet the needs of
participants.
* Move from side to know to not
know. Start the session with things or points that are familiar or unfamiliar to the participants. Slowly
up and connect the points together so that each know where they are in the process of training.
P: Primacy (Interesting note at the beginning of session)
Law of Primacy
tells us that the first things that the participants are usually
studied, as well as a first impression or a series of
information obtained from
the coach really
very important. For
this reason, there is a good practice is to include all the key points at the beginning of the session. During the
session running, developing key points and other information related. It is included in the Primacy of law is the fact that when participants were shown
how to do something, they must be shown the correct way in the beginning. The
reason for this is that it is sometimes very difficult
to "teach"
the participants at the time
they make a mistake at
the beginning of the
exercise.
Factors to consider regarding Primacy:
*
Once again, try sessions-sessions administered
in a relatively short period
of time. Preferably
about 20 minutes as
suggested in the law recency.
* The beginning of your session will be crucial. As
you know that some many
participants will listen,
and therefore make it interesting and give loads of
information important to
them.
*
Try to keep participants always
"aware" of the direction and
progress of the study.
*
Assure participants will
get things right the first time when you ask them to do something.
2: 2 - WAY COMMUNICATION.
Law of 2-way-communication or 2-way communication clearly
emphasized that the training includes communication with participants,
not at them. Various forms
of presentation should use the principle of 2-way communication or
feedback. This
does not have to mean that the entire session must be a discussion, but
which allows the interaction between the trainer / facilitator and
participant / participants.
Factors for
consideration of two-way communication:
*
Your body language is also associated with 2-way communication: you
must be sure that it does not conflict with what you say.
* Plan your sessions
should have interaction with whom it was designed, that is none other
than the participants.
F: FEEDBACK.
Law of feedback or
feedback shows us, both facilitators and participants need information
from each other. Facilitators need to know that the
participants follow and keep paying attention to what was said, and
instead participants also need feedback in accordance with the
appearance / performance.
Reinforcement also need feedback. If
we appreciate the participants (positive reinforcement) to do things
right, we have a much greater chance for them to change their behavior
as we want. Also wary that too much negative reinforcement will
probably keep us obtain the response we expect.
Factors for
consideration of the feedback:
*
Participants must be tested (tested) on a regular basis for feedback to
the facilitator
* At the time participants were tested, they should obtain
feedback on their performance as soon as possible.
* The test may
also include questions that are given regular facilitator of the group
conditions
* All
feedback is not necessarily positive, as many people believe. Positive feedback is only
half of it and almost useless in the absence of negative feedback
* At the time of the participants did or said is
true (eg, answering questions), call or announce it (in front of the
group / other participant if that is possible).
* Prepare your presentation so that there is a
positive reinforcement that is built up in the early session.
* Please note that participants
really give positive feedback (done right) as well as to those who gave
negative feedback (make a mistake).
A: ACTIVE LEARNING
Laws of active learning shows us that the participants
studied harder when they are actively involved in the training process. Remember the adage that says "Learning While Working"? This is important in
training adults. If you want to instruct the participants to write a
report, do not just tell them how it should be made but provide an
opportunity for them to do so. Another advantage of this is that adults are
generally not used to sitting in a classroom all day, therefore the
principle of active learning will help them to not saturate.
Factors
for consideration of active learning:
* Use
the exercises or practice for providing instruction
* Use a
lot of questions for providing instruction
* A quick
quiz can be used so that participants remain active
* If possible, let the participants do what is in the
instructions
If the participant is allowed to sit for long periods
without participating or given to these questions, chances are they will
be sleepy / lose attention.
M: MULTIPLE-
Law of multi-sense learning to say that learning to
be much more effective if participants use more than one of the five
senses. If you tell
trainees about a new type of sandwich they'll probably remember it. If you let
them touch, smell and feel fine, there's no way for them to forget it.Factors for consideration of multiple-sense learning:
* If you memberitah / say
something to the participants, try to show a good
* Use as many senses of the participants if it is necessary as a
means of learning them, but do not forget the target to be achieved
* When using a multiple-sense
learning, you have to be sure that it is not difficult for the group to
mendengarnyaa, see and touch whatever you want.
e.exercise.
Law of the exercise indicate that something is repeated the
most memorable. By making participants do exercises or repeating the
information provided, we can increase their chances of getting able to
recall information that has been provided. It is best
if the coach practices or repeat the lesson by repeating information in
different ways. Maybe the coach can talk
about a new process, then shows a diagram / overhead, showing the
finished product and finally asked the participants to complete a given
task. Exercise
is also related to the intensity. The law
also refers to the practice of meaningful repetition or learning again.
Factors for
consideration in the exercise:
* The more often trainee to repeat something, the more
they remember the information provided
*
By providing repetitive questions we improve training
* Participants must repeat the exercise
itself, but the record does not include
*
Summarize often as possible because it is another form of exercise. Make a summary
of the current always concluding session
* Create a regular participant always
remember what you have so far in the presentation sidajikan
* It is often said that without
some form of exercise, the participants will forget 1/4 of what they
learn in 6 hours, 1/3 in 24 hours, and about 9% in 6 weeks.
Conclusion.
The principles of learning related to training and
education. These
principles are used in all sectors / areas, either in a classroom or
apprenticeship system. These
principles can be used to children and adolescents as well as to
adults. Effective
instruction should use as many of these principles, if not the whole of
her. When you plan a
session, see the entire draft to ensure that these principles have been
used, and if not, it may need a revision (improvement).